pub struct Error {
    pub profile: Option<Profile>,
    pub metadata: Option<Metadata>,
    pub path: Vec<String>,
    pub kind: Kind,
    /* private fields */
}
Expand description

An error that occured while producing data or extracting a configuration.

Constructing Errors

An Error will generally be constructed indirectly via its implementations of serde’s de::Error and ser::Error, that is, as a result of serialization or deserialization errors. When implementing Provider, however, it may be necessary to construct an Error directly.

Broadly, there are two ways to construct an Error:

  • Via an error message, since Error impls From<String>:

    use figment::Error;
    
    Error::from("whoops, something went wrong!".to_string());
  • Via a Kind, since Error impls From<Kind>:

    use figment::{error::{Error, Kind}, value::Value};
    
    let value = Value::serialize(&100).unwrap();
    if !value.as_str().is_some() {
        let kind = Kind::InvalidType(value.to_actual(), "string".into());
        let error = Error::from(kind);
    }

As always, ? can be used to automatically convert into an Error using the available From implementations:

use std::fs::File;

fn try_read() -> Result<(), figment::Error> {
    let x = File::open("/tmp/foo.boo").map_err(|e| e.to_string())?;
    Ok(())
}

Display

By default, Error uses all of the available information about the error, including the Metadata, path, and profile to display a message that resembles the following, where $ is error. for some error: Error:

$kind: `$metadata.interpolate($path)` in $($metadata.sources())*

Concretely, such an error may look like:

invalid type: found sequence, expected u16: `staging.port` in TOML file Config.toml

Iterator

An Error may contain more than one error. To process all errors, iterate over an Error:

fn with_error(error: figment::Error) {
    for error in error {
        println!("error: {}", error);
    }
}

Fields§

§profile: Option<Profile>

The profile that was selected when the error occured, if any.

§metadata: Option<Metadata>

The metadata for the provider of the value that errored, if known.

§path: Vec<String>

The path to the configuration key that errored, if known.

§kind: Kind

The error kind.

Implementations§

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impl Error

pub fn missing(&self) -> bool

Returns true if the error’s kind is MissingField.

Example
use figment::error::{Error, Kind};

let error = Error::from(Kind::MissingField("path".into()));
assert!(error.missing());

pub fn with_path(self, path: &str) -> Error

Append the string path to the error’s path.

Example
use figment::Error;

let error = Error::from("an error message".to_string())
    .with_path("some_path");

pub fn count(&self) -> usize

Returns the number of errors represented by self.

Example
use figment::{Figment, providers::{Format, Toml}};

figment::Jail::expect_with(|jail| {
    jail.create_file("Base.toml", r#"
        cat = [1
    "#)?;

    jail.create_file("Release.toml", r#"
        cat = "
    "#)?;

    let figment = Figment::from(Toml::file("Base.toml"))
        .merge(Toml::file("Release.toml"));

    let error = figment.extract_inner::<String>("cat").unwrap_err();
    assert_eq!(error.count(), 2);

    Ok(())
});

Trait Implementations§

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impl Clone for Error

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fn clone(&self) -> Error

Returns a copy of the value. Read more
1.0.0 · source§

fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Self)

Performs copy-assignment from source. Read more
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impl Debug for Error

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fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter. Read more
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impl Display for Error

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fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter. Read more
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impl Error for Error

1.30.0 · source§

fn source(&self) -> Option<&(dyn Error + 'static)>

The lower-level source of this error, if any. Read more
1.0.0 · source§

fn description(&self) -> &str

👎Deprecated since 1.42.0: use the Display impl or to_string()
1.0.0 · source§

fn cause(&self) -> Option<&dyn Error>

👎Deprecated since 1.33.0: replaced by Error::source, which can support downcasting
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fn provide<'a>(&'a self, request: &mut Request<'a>)

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (error_generic_member_access)
Provides type based access to context intended for error reports. Read more
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impl Error for Error

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fn custom<T>(msg: T) -> Errorwhere T: Display,

Raised when there is general error when deserializing a type. Read more
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fn invalid_type(unexp: Unexpected<'_>, exp: &dyn Expected) -> Error

Raised when a Deserialize receives a type different from what it was expecting. Read more
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fn invalid_value(unexp: Unexpected<'_>, exp: &dyn Expected) -> Error

Raised when a Deserialize receives a value of the right type but that is wrong for some other reason. Read more
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fn invalid_length(len: usize, exp: &dyn Expected) -> Error

Raised when deserializing a sequence or map and the input data contains too many or too few elements. Read more
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fn unknown_variant(variant: &str, expected: &'static [&'static str]) -> Error

Raised when a Deserialize enum type received a variant with an unrecognized name.
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fn unknown_field(field: &str, expected: &'static [&'static str]) -> Error

Raised when a Deserialize struct type received a field with an unrecognized name.
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fn missing_field(field: &'static str) -> Error

Raised when a Deserialize struct type expected to receive a required field with a particular name but that field was not present in the input.
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fn duplicate_field(field: &'static str) -> Error

Raised when a Deserialize struct type received more than one of the same field.
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impl Error for Error

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fn custom<T>(msg: T) -> Errorwhere T: Display,

Used when a Serialize implementation encounters any error while serializing a type. Read more
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impl<A, B> From<Error> for Error<A, B>

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fn from(e: Error) -> Self

Converts to this type from the input type.
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impl From<Kind> for Error

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fn from(kind: Kind) -> Error

Converts to this type from the input type.
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impl From<String> for Error

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fn from(string: String) -> Error

Converts to this type from the input type.
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impl IntoIterator for Error

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type Item = Error

The type of the elements being iterated over.
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type IntoIter = IntoIter

Which kind of iterator are we turning this into?
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fn into_iter(self) -> <Error as IntoIterator>::IntoIter

Creates an iterator from a value. Read more
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impl PartialEq for Error

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fn eq(&self, other: &Error) -> bool

This method tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.
1.0.0 · source§

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.
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impl StructuralPartialEq for Error

Auto Trait Implementations§

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impl !RefUnwindSafe for Error

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impl Send for Error

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impl Sync for Error

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impl Unpin for Error

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impl !UnwindSafe for Error

Blanket Implementations§

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impl<T> Any for Twhere T: 'static + ?Sized,

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fn type_id(&self) -> TypeId

Gets the TypeId of self. Read more
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impl<'a, T> AsTaggedExplicit<'a> for Twhere T: 'a,

§

fn explicit(self, class: Class, tag: u32) -> TaggedParser<'a, Explicit, Self>

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impl<'a, T> AsTaggedImplicit<'a> for Twhere T: 'a,

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fn implicit( self, class: Class, constructed: bool, tag: u32 ) -> TaggedParser<'a, Implicit, Self>

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impl<T> Borrow<T> for Twhere T: ?Sized,

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fn borrow(&self) -> &T

Immutably borrows from an owned value. Read more
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impl<T> BorrowMut<T> for Twhere T: ?Sized,

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fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T

Mutably borrows from an owned value. Read more
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impl<T> Conv for T

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fn conv<T>(self) -> Twhere Self: Into<T>,

Converts self into T using Into<T>. Read more
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impl<Choices> CoproductSubsetter<CNil, HNil> for Choices

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type Remainder = Choices

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fn subset( self ) -> Result<CNil, <Choices as CoproductSubsetter<CNil, HNil>>::Remainder>

Extract a subset of the possible types in a coproduct (or get the remaining possibilities) Read more
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impl<T> FmtForward for T

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fn fmt_binary(self) -> FmtBinary<Self>where Self: Binary,

Causes self to use its Binary implementation when Debug-formatted.
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fn fmt_display(self) -> FmtDisplay<Self>where Self: Display,

Causes self to use its Display implementation when Debug-formatted.
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fn fmt_lower_exp(self) -> FmtLowerExp<Self>where Self: LowerExp,

Causes self to use its LowerExp implementation when Debug-formatted.
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fn fmt_lower_hex(self) -> FmtLowerHex<Self>where Self: LowerHex,

Causes self to use its LowerHex implementation when Debug-formatted.
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fn fmt_octal(self) -> FmtOctal<Self>where Self: Octal,

Causes self to use its Octal implementation when Debug-formatted.
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fn fmt_pointer(self) -> FmtPointer<Self>where Self: Pointer,

Causes self to use its Pointer implementation when Debug-formatted.
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fn fmt_upper_exp(self) -> FmtUpperExp<Self>where Self: UpperExp,

Causes self to use its UpperExp implementation when Debug-formatted.
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fn fmt_upper_hex(self) -> FmtUpperHex<Self>where Self: UpperHex,

Causes self to use its UpperHex implementation when Debug-formatted.
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fn fmt_list(self) -> FmtList<Self>where &'a Self: for<'a> IntoIterator,

Formats each item in a sequence. Read more
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impl<T> From<T> for T

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fn from(t: T) -> T

Returns the argument unchanged.

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fn instrument(self, span: Span) -> Instrumented<Self>

Instruments this type with the provided [Span], returning an Instrumented wrapper. Read more
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fn in_current_span(self) -> Instrumented<Self>

Instruments this type with the current Span, returning an Instrumented wrapper. Read more
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impl<T, U> Into<U> for Twhere U: From<T>,

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Calls U::from(self).

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Converts self into a collection.
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fn mapped<U, F, A>(self, f: F) -> SmallVec<A>where F: FnMut(T) -> U, A: Array<Item = U>,

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fn into_sql<T>(self) -> Self::Expressionwhere Self: AsExpression<T> + Sized, T: SqlType + TypedExpressionType,

Convert self to an expression for Diesel’s query builder. Read more
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Convert &self to an expression for Diesel’s query builder. Read more
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This method should be used rarely. Instead, prefer to use color-specific builder methods like red() and green(), which have the same functionality but are pithier.

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Returns self with the fg() set to [Color::Fixed].

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Returns self with the fg() set to [Color::Rgb].

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Set background color to red using fg():

use yansi::{Paint, Color};

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use yansi::Paint;

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Executes the given query, returning a Vec with the returned rows. Read more
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fn load_stream<'conn, 'query, U>( self, conn: &'conn mut Conn ) -> Self::LoadFuture<'conn>where Conn: AsyncConnection, U: 'conn, Self: LoadQuery<'query, Conn, U> + 'query,

Executes the given query, returning a [Stream] with the returned rows. Read more
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fn get_result<'query, 'conn, U>( self, conn: &'conn mut Conn ) -> AndThen<Self::LoadFuture<'conn>, Map<StreamFuture<Pin<Box<Self::Stream<'conn>>>>, fn(_: (Option<Result<U, Error>>, Pin<Box<Self::Stream<'conn>>>)) -> Result<U, Error>>, fn(_: Self::Stream<'conn>) -> Map<StreamFuture<Pin<Box<Self::Stream<'conn>>>>, fn(_: (Option<Result<U, Error>>, Pin<Box<Self::Stream<'conn>>>)) -> Result<U, Error>>>where U: Send + 'conn, Conn: AsyncConnection, Self: LoadQuery<'query, Conn, U> + 'query,

Runs the command, and returns the affected row. Read more
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fn get_results<'query, U, 'conn>( self, conn: &'conn mut Conn ) -> AndThen<Self::LoadFuture<'conn>, TryCollect<Self::Stream<'conn>, Vec<U>>, fn(_: Self::Stream<'conn>) -> TryCollect<Self::Stream<'conn>, Vec<U>>>where U: Send, Conn: AsyncConnection, Self: LoadQuery<'query, Conn, U> + 'query,

Runs the command, returning an Vec with the affected rows. Read more
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fn first<'query, 'conn, U>( self, conn: &'conn mut Conn ) -> AndThen<<Self::Output as LoadQuery<'query, Conn, U>>::LoadFuture<'conn>, Map<StreamFuture<Pin<Box<<Self::Output as LoadQuery<'query, Conn, U>>::Stream<'conn>>>>, fn(_: (Option<Result<U, Error>>, Pin<Box<<Self::Output as LoadQuery<'query, Conn, U>>::Stream<'conn>>>)) -> Result<U, Error>>, fn(_: <Self::Output as LoadQuery<'query, Conn, U>>::Stream<'conn>) -> Map<StreamFuture<Pin<Box<<Self::Output as LoadQuery<'query, Conn, U>>::Stream<'conn>>>>, fn(_: (Option<Result<U, Error>>, Pin<Box<<Self::Output as LoadQuery<'query, Conn, U>>::Stream<'conn>>>)) -> Result<U, Error>>>where U: Send + 'conn, Conn: AsyncConnection, Self: LimitDsl, Self::Output: LoadQuery<'query, Conn, U> + Send + 'query,

Attempts to load a single record. Read more
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impl<T> Same for T

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type Output = T

Should always be Self
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impl<Source> Sculptor<HNil, HNil> for Source

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type Remainder = Source

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fn sculpt(self) -> (HNil, <Source as Sculptor<HNil, HNil>>::Remainder)

Consumes the current HList and returns an HList with the requested shape. Read more
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impl<T> Tap for T

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fn tap(self, func: impl FnOnce(&Self)) -> Self

Immutable access to a value. Read more
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fn tap_mut(self, func: impl FnOnce(&mut Self)) -> Self

Mutable access to a value. Read more
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fn tap_borrow<B>(self, func: impl FnOnce(&B)) -> Selfwhere Self: Borrow<B>, B: ?Sized,

Immutable access to the Borrow<B> of a value. Read more
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fn tap_borrow_mut<B>(self, func: impl FnOnce(&mut B)) -> Selfwhere Self: BorrowMut<B>, B: ?Sized,

Mutable access to the BorrowMut<B> of a value. Read more
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fn tap_ref<R>(self, func: impl FnOnce(&R)) -> Selfwhere Self: AsRef<R>, R: ?Sized,

Immutable access to the AsRef<R> view of a value. Read more
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fn tap_ref_mut<R>(self, func: impl FnOnce(&mut R)) -> Selfwhere Self: AsMut<R>, R: ?Sized,

Mutable access to the AsMut<R> view of a value. Read more
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fn tap_deref<T>(self, func: impl FnOnce(&T)) -> Selfwhere Self: Deref<Target = T>, T: ?Sized,

Immutable access to the Deref::Target of a value. Read more
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fn tap_deref_mut<T>(self, func: impl FnOnce(&mut T)) -> Selfwhere Self: DerefMut<Target = T> + Deref, T: ?Sized,

Mutable access to the Deref::Target of a value. Read more
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fn tap_dbg(self, func: impl FnOnce(&Self)) -> Self

Calls .tap() only in debug builds, and is erased in release builds.
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fn tap_mut_dbg(self, func: impl FnOnce(&mut Self)) -> Self

Calls .tap_mut() only in debug builds, and is erased in release builds.
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fn tap_borrow_dbg<B>(self, func: impl FnOnce(&B)) -> Selfwhere Self: Borrow<B>, B: ?Sized,

Calls .tap_borrow() only in debug builds, and is erased in release builds.
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fn tap_borrow_mut_dbg<B>(self, func: impl FnOnce(&mut B)) -> Selfwhere Self: BorrowMut<B>, B: ?Sized,

Calls .tap_borrow_mut() only in debug builds, and is erased in release builds.
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fn tap_ref_dbg<R>(self, func: impl FnOnce(&R)) -> Selfwhere Self: AsRef<R>, R: ?Sized,

Calls .tap_ref() only in debug builds, and is erased in release builds.
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fn tap_ref_mut_dbg<R>(self, func: impl FnOnce(&mut R)) -> Selfwhere Self: AsMut<R>, R: ?Sized,

Calls .tap_ref_mut() only in debug builds, and is erased in release builds.
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fn tap_deref_dbg<T>(self, func: impl FnOnce(&T)) -> Selfwhere Self: Deref<Target = T>, T: ?Sized,

Calls .tap_deref() only in debug builds, and is erased in release builds.
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fn tap_deref_mut_dbg<T>(self, func: impl FnOnce(&mut T)) -> Selfwhere Self: DerefMut<Target = T> + Deref, T: ?Sized,

Calls .tap_deref_mut() only in debug builds, and is erased in release builds.
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impl<T> ToOwned for Twhere T: Clone,

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type Owned = T

The resulting type after obtaining ownership.
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fn to_owned(&self) -> T

Creates owned data from borrowed data, usually by cloning. Read more
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fn clone_into(&self, target: &mut T)

Uses borrowed data to replace owned data, usually by cloning. Read more
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impl<T> ToString for Twhere T: Display + ?Sized,

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default fn to_string(&self) -> String

Converts the given value to a String. Read more
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impl<T> TryConv for T

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fn try_conv<T>(self) -> Result<T, Self::Error>where Self: TryInto<T>,

Attempts to convert self into T using TryInto<T>. Read more
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impl<T, U> TryFrom<U> for Twhere U: Into<T>,

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type Error = Infallible

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.
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fn try_from(value: U) -> Result<T, <T as TryFrom<U>>::Error>

Performs the conversion.
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impl<T, U> TryInto<U> for Twhere U: TryFrom<T>,

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type Error = <U as TryFrom<T>>::Error

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.
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fn try_into(self) -> Result<U, <U as TryFrom<T>>::Error>

Performs the conversion.
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impl<V, T> VZip<V> for Twhere V: MultiLane<T>,

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fn vzip(self) -> V

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impl<T> WithSubscriber for T

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fn with_subscriber<S>(self, subscriber: S) -> WithDispatch<Self>where S: Into<Dispatch>,

Attaches the provided Subscriber to this type, returning a [WithDispatch] wrapper. Read more
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fn with_current_subscriber(self) -> WithDispatch<Self>

Attaches the current default Subscriber to this type, returning a [WithDispatch] wrapper. Read more